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 C. K. Choi Building
| 开发商: |
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容积率: |
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| 地址: |
Vancouver, BC, Canada |
建筑面积: |
3,200 sq. meters) |
| 竣工日期: |
April 1996 |
高度: |
3-story building |
| 能源利用: |
An energy meter enables the building owner and users to monitor actual energy use in the building and to make adjustments in operations as necessary.
Due to the extent of natural daylighting, power consumption for lighting is less than half that required for typical office buildings. Offices do have manual light switches; control systems turn off lights if a room is vacant or dim lights if there is adequate daylighting. (Atria admit daylight into the second-floor work spaces while higher ceilings at the ground floor facilitate daylighting. Also, reflective surfaces throughout enhance daylighting.)
Operating energy is reduced by the elimination of a traditional ducted air system; the building relies on natural ventilation (no air conditioning) and a few fans to assist when necessary.
To reduce cooling loads, existing trees along the 300-foot (90 m) western edge of the building were retained.
The heavy concrete building mass also reduces the problem of diurnal temperature swings. This mass will cool down overnight to essentially store cooling energy. This storage effect is used during the day to provide "free cooling."
Water heating is provided by the University steam system.
Individual controls are used as opposed to the more costly DDC control systems.
South-facing roofs optimize direct gain at photovoltaic panels; chimneys facilitate ground-floor stack effect.
R-values suggested under ASHRAE 90.1 are exceeded for walls, ceiling, and glazing.
High-efficiency luminaires are incorporated with lower ambient lighting levels and task lights where appropriate. (Ambient lighting levels have been reduced to 0.5 W/ft2, or 5.4 W/m2.)
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| 选址和节水方案: |
Heavy timbers were salvaged from the Amouries building across the street, slated for demolition. (60% of primary wood structure is reused heavy timbers.)
Red brick cladding from the streets of Vancouver was used. (100% of exterior cladding is reused brick.)
Over 50% of materials are reused or recycled, including reinforcing steel, structural steel, plywood, framework timbers, and doors and frames.
Recycled aggregate was used in the concrete.
Engineered wood products and polished concrete floors were used.
Diversion of Construction & Demolition Waste
A comprehensive waste management plan was implemented during construction. Waste separation diverted more than half of the waste from the landfill.
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| 室内环境品质: |
A water-efficient subsurface irrigation system based on the principle of "xeriscaping" was introduced. This method conserves water and protects the environment. Stormwater and water from the sinks is recycled in a subsurface graywater trench with marsh vegetation.
Composting toilets function without water; they provide an effective and efficient means of disposing of solid waste with the aid of ventilation and organic matter such as wood chips. This waterless system allows the building to be disconnected from the sanitary system. The end product is a humus-like soil amendment that can enrich depleted soils.
A water meter within the building monitors consumption of the combined water and fire protection service line that is required to service the building. City water is used for the low-flow lavatory faucets (spring-loaded to further reduce water waste) and kitchen sinks. Storm, sanitary, steam, condensate, and gas lines are not required.
Stormwater is reused for irrigation on site instead of being discharged into storm drains. Overflow stormwater is discharged.
Green Strategies
Non-water-using Fixtures
Use composting toilets
Runoff Reduction
Avoid contiguous impermeable surfaces
Water Conservation Education
Educate building management and employees about water conservation
Rainwater Collection
Collect and store rainwater for landscape irrigation
Construction Impacts
Designate appropriate staging areas for construction-related activities
Integration with Site Resources
Integrate on-site wastewater treatment system with landscape design
Irrigation Systems
Recycle graywater for landscape irrigation
Siting Analysis
Investigate microclimate (specific variations from regional climatic conditions) |
| 材料选择: |
The occupants enjoy natural daylighting and 100% fresh air at all times. (Operable windows and high intake louvers provide for continuous fresh air without recirculating office air back into the building.) The natural ventilation system in the building was designed to provide 20 cfm (34 m3/h) per person of 100% fresh air at all times.
Air quality within the building is enhanced through the careful material choices: carpet is laid without adhesives, millwork is constructed from formaldehyde-free boards, and finishes are solvent-free/low-emission products.
Construction sequencing was specified to ensure flushing of the building during drywall installation and finishing, painting and caulking, and carpet installation.
Copy machine areas are directly vented to improve indoor air quality.
Building users have operable windows and control over heat in workspaces. Education of the user is a must for optimal comfort within the structure.
The limited ductwork systems and the absence of filters reduce areas where dust and dirt can collect.
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| 设计创新: |
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