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 Clackamas中学
| 开发商: |
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容积率: |
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| 地址: |
Clackamas, OR |
建筑面积: |
24,700 sq. meters |
| 竣工日期: |
April 2002 |
高度: |
2-story building |
| 能源利用: |
Interior daylighting decreases the amount of required artificial lighting, which in turn decreases the heat load and energy costs of electric lights. Lights are T8 and T5 fluorescents with electronic ballasts, daylight sensors, and dimmer controls.
Mechanically controlled dampers, louvers, and air stacks provide natural ventilation and cooling to all classrooms, common areas, and gymnasiums. Most areas rely on natural ventilation by natural convection with fan coil backup units. A full-scale mock-up of a classroom built to test the natural ventilation system proved that the air stack and custom-designed vent exceeded design expectations by a factor of 2.5. Air conditioning is only provided for year-round use areas, such as the media center, administrative spaces, the counseling wing, and the theater, with the capability to transfer cooling to any other selected areas as needed.
Concrete slabs and concrete masonry walls serve as thermal mass to stabilize internal air temperatures throughout the year. This system saves energy as well as maintenance costs.
An integrated energy-monitoring and control system allowed for substantial downsizing of the HVAC system. The system is single zone with variable speed drives. The water-cooled chiller is rated at 0.71 kW/ton, and the boiler has an AFUE efficiency rating of 0.90. By monitoring the outdoor and room temperatures, carbon-dioxide levels, occupancy, electric-light status, and airflow into the airstacks via natural convection, the control system allows fine-tuned integration of the natural and mechanical systems.
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| 选址和节水方案: |
Materials were chosen based on their environmental sensitivity, simplicity, and efficiency. When practical, materials were locally harvested, extracted, and manufactured.
Low toxicity and recyclable products, such as concrete, metal, glass, carpet, fabric, and acoustical tiles were used throughout the project. Recycled content materials include plastic toilet partitions, rubber flooring, and upholstery.
Material use was reduced by eliminating unnecessary finishes. The masonry walls in the gymnasium, for example, were not painted, but were instead given a ground-faced finish. This reduced cost (since no painting was required) and also provides acoustic absorption in the gym. Also, most of the masonry walls throughout the high school were left uppainted. This can be seen in the concrete columns in the commons area. Ductwork was also left exposed in many areas.
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| 室内环境品质: |
Water-saving toilets, shower heads, and faucets contribute to indoor water efficiency throughout the school. |
| 材料选择: |
Lox-toxicity and low-emission materials, natural ventilation, and daylighting all contribute to making Clackamas High School a healthy building.
The designers were aware of recent studies showing that natural daylighting and ventilation result in cognitive benefits, and paid much attention to creating an environment that would encourage learning and productivity. Windows, skylights, and light shelves provide natural light and views to 90% of occupied spaces. Light scoops collect sunlight through translucent windows and skylights in the upper areas of classrooms wings, which is transferred to adjacent spaces by clerestory windows and to lower floors by light pipes.
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| 设计创新: |
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