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 Way Station
| 开发商: |
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容积率: |
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| 地址: |
Frederick, MD |
建筑面积: |
2,790 sq. meters |
| 竣工日期: |
February 1991 |
高度: |
2-story building |
| 能源利用: |
By incorporating daylighting, passive solar heating, and energy efficiency, ENSAR Group reduced the Way Station’s need for conventional energy by about two-thirds over a computer-generated reference case.
Computer simulations allowed the designers to look at the effects that variations in energy design components would have on the building’s energy performance. They learned that the use of daylighting and passive solar heating would have the greatest impact in reducing energy consumption.
The primary source of passive solar heating in the Way Station is the 1028-square-foot working greenhouse. Its vertical windows are glazed with clear, thermal pane glass to allowing maximum solar gain in the winter. For the sloped glazing, clear, double-pane obscured glass is used to allow an adequate amount of light transmission, but reduce direct solar gain when sun angles are high. The greenhouse also houses solar tanks for preheating water.
In addition to the greenhouse, south-facing windows add to the building’s direct solar heating gain. In the summer, when the sun angle is high, exterior light shelves shade these windows, helping to keep the building cool. High-performance insulating glass also helps to balance the need for daylighting with the need to avoid solar gain at times when it would add to the cooling load.
The largest cooling load in most commercial buildings is created by heat from electric lights. Because of the Way Station’s use of daylighting, the facility uses about a quarter of the typical electric lighting and the heat gain from lighting is dramatically less.
The designers chose a central variable air volume (VAV) system for heating, ventilating, and air conditioning. High-efficiency gas-fired boilers are used for space heating, and, when cooling is called for, fans draw in ventilation air and circulate it through a central cold-water chiller before delivering it to the building. A heat recovery system on the chiller is used to preheat domestic water.
At times of peak demand, the chiller is assisted by a cool storage system that continuously makes and stores ice, using electricity mostly at off-peak times. Both this innovative cooling storage system and the building’s reduced cooling load allowed the mechanical engineers to downsize the cooling equipment from the normally-required 100 tons to a 40-ton system. |
| 选址和节水方案: |
Maintenance requirements, durability, and expected service life were important criteria in choosing materials for the Way Station. Non-toxic materials were also used whenever practical. |
| 室内环境品质: |
Rock blasting, archeological excavations, and an extensive stormwater system added to the challenge of building on an extremely tight construction site.
The exterior landscaping was designed to mature into a natural setting providing a pedestrian park for members, staff, and neighbors. Plant species and colors were selected to provide a variety and require low maintenance. |
| 材料选择: |
The Way Station was very interested in creating a healthy environment for their members. It was important to the staff that the interior spaces encourage open communication and frequent interaction, and that the building foster a sense of community, personal well-being, and harmony with nature.
The staff specifically requested a greenhouse for the therapeutic value of working with plants. Trees also grow in the building’s atrium, which is lit by two south-facing roof monitors that run almost the entire length of the building, and deflect and diffuse natural sunlight. Exterior windows and interior glass walls adjacent to the atrium bring natural light into the offices and activity spaces.
On the second story, small roof monitors admit additional sunlight from overhead. Skylights in upper level work spaces are outfitted with daylight tracking systems powered by photovoltaics. These systems consist of reflective surfaces that change angle to follow the sun throughout the day, reflecting more sunlight into a room for more time during the day.
Interior and exterior lightshelves diffuse the sunlight and reflect it deep into the building, while eliminating much of the glare that would otherwise occur near the windows.
The building’s daylighting design and electric lighting system are thoroughly integrated to achieve maximum lighting quality and energy efficiency. Lighting controls sense the amount of natural light and either dim or raise the electric lights to provide optimal lighting. Most areas are illuminated with indirect lighting from pendant mounted fluorescent luminaires combined with direct task lighting. High-frequency ballasts eliminate noise and flicker. The lamps were selected for accurate color rendering and compatibility with daylight.
Most interior colors are light to produce a bright interior environment that complements the daylighting concepts. Non-toxic materials were used whenever practical, and a complete and extensive flushing of the building with fresh air was conducted after the finishes and furnishings were installed to improve the indoor air quality. |
| 设计创新: |
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