|
|
|
 U.S. EPA校园
| 开发商: |
|
容积率: |
|
| 地址: |
Research Triangle Park, NC |
建筑面积: |
109,000 sq. meters |
| 竣工日期: |
2001 |
高度: |
|
| 能源利用: |
This EPA facility requires 42% less energy than a laboratory building of equivalent size that does not incorporate energy-saving technologies. Reductions in energy use for the office areas range from 52 to 64%.
The "Main Street" atrium that connects all the buildings increases energy efficiency by minimizing electric loads. It is projected that 70% of the electrical lighting needs in the offices and 43% in the labs are provided by daylighting. Energy-efficient glazing is used to control exposure to the interior spaces. No more than 40% of the exterior wall is occupied by closed office space, allowing the interior spaces to utilize daylight. The southern side of the building envelope is constructed to limit heat absorption. The cooling load is reduced by architectural sun shading and glazing with high shading coefficients.
The utilization of occupancy sensors, a central lighting control system, bulb maintenance, air-conserving fumehoods, variable speed drives, task lighting, and high-efficiency lamps and ballasts within the building were encouraged as part of the EPA Green Lights program, which establishes efficient electric lighting management strategies.
Energy conservation in the HVAC systems is due mainly to the use of more efficient systems rather than integration of these systems with planning or spatial considerations. An outside air economizer, variable air volume, direct digital controls, high-efficiency pumps and motors with variable-speed drives, and a central automated control system are the key components. |
| 选址和节水方案: |
As an important first step in the design process, a questionnaire was sent to material manufacturers and suppliers to identify the amount of energy wasted and accumulated, and the significance of health hazards in the life cycle of different materials. Material evaluation topics included: raw material composition, the production process, packing and shipping procedures, installation and use, resource recovery, indoor air quality issues, cost, and product life expectancy.
By designing service corridors rather than horizontal interstitial space—floors between floors—EPA avoided a potential 30% increase in building height, which would have added the rough equivalent of 100,000 ft2 (9,300 m2) of space without increasing usable floor space. Minimizing the total volume of the building had significant advantages, most notably in reducing the amount of constructed materials and associated waste.
The compact design of the EPA facility strives to minimize the use of building material. The 36x50-foot (11x15 m) interior planning grid allows flexibility, which thereby reduces the impact of future changes. Effective detailing and selection of durable materials also minimizes future material wastes in the building. The building’s post-occupancy recycling plan includes implementing a recycling plan and a composting program.
Material selections include: local brick; local recycled-content concrete and CMU; recycled asphalt; wood from certified sustainable sources; low-VOC, water-based paints, adhesives, caulks, and sealants; and many recycled-content products such as gypsum board, ceiling tile, and rubber floor tile.
Diversion of Construction & Demolition Waste
EPA required waste management and recycling plans from the contractor and subcontractors. Recycling bins were used to separate construction wastes, and weekly job-site training was required of workers.
As a direct result of this project, concrete batch plants in the area now accept crushed concrete and reuse it as aggregate when appropriate. |
| 室内环境品质: |
Prior to the construction, the site was abandoned farm land which was heavily eroded and covered with second growth vegetation, including trees and shrubs. The maximum age of the second growth forest was 50 years, however, there was a pocket of 100 year old trees which marked the site of the old farm house. This cluster of trees was preserved and integrated into the site design.
When planning the new facility, EPA elected to preserve as many of the old-growth tree groves as possible. A "Specimen Tree Study" was commissioned and used by the EPA and the A/E firm when situating the EPA facility on the property and when designating the location for the access roads and utility cuts.
To minimize the need for excessive maintenance, the landscaping was designed to be naturally manicured, which means that there will be no effort to maintain a neat, "golf course" appearance. Indigenous landscaping and wildflowers were chosen for their low maintenance requirements and to reduce long-term needs for water, fertilizers, and fossil fuel. EPA manages the site as a wildlife habitat. In addition, strict forest protection measures were instituted, and clearing was tightly limited to areas required for construction. Stringent protection measures were made for the lake and streams, including periodic lake testing to ensure water quality.
Prior to the start of construction, a plant rescue was conducted to reduce the impact of construction on the forest. EPA entered into an agreement with the North Carolina Botanical Gardens. Approximately 150 volunteers over four Saturdays saved thousands of plants representing a variety of native species.
Curbs and gutters were eliminated from surface parking lots and replaced with natural biofiltration methods for handling stormwater runoff, minimizing the amount of stormwater that flows off the site. To reduce the potential impact of contaminated runoff, innovative bioretention facilities were added to enhance the natural system by using porous zones planted with trees, shrubs, and herbs which absorb and break down contaminants from heavy rains. The total cost of the natural system was less than conventional approaches, and the environmental outcome is better since less construction material is needed, filtration is improved, and the water remains on site.
EPA incorporated water-efficient fixtures throughout the facility, including flow-restricting nozzles, automated shutoff, and hot and cold water delivery systems with automatic temperature controls. The lavatories have sensor-operated, metered faucets to regulate the amount of water flow, which saves water and the energy needed to heat it. An efficient cooling tower design with automated controls also has a considerable impact on overall water use. |
| 材料选择: |
EPA worked closely with HOK to develop a 150-page Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) Facilities Operation Manual that documents the necessary IAQ procedures during building construction and maintenance. The manual outlines procedures to maximize both IAQ and energy efficiency by eliminating as many IAQ contaminants as possible and increasing energy efficiency throughout the building to offset any reductions in energy efficiency due to the need to increase air circulation.
After building construction was complete, but before EPA occupancy, the construction contractor hired an independent IAQ consultant to ensure that contaminant levels were within EPA specifications. The contractor tested 16 locations over three consecutive days throughout the building, as directed by EPA, with the building operating at normal ventilation rates. The average results were used to determine compliance with contract IAQ requirements.
EPA was concerned that potentially hazardous materials from the labs could recirculate into the building and planned to install 20-foot (6 m) exhaust stacks. As a result of IAQ modeling, EPA decided to increase the height of the building’s exhaust stacks to 30 feet (9 m). While the increase necessitated more material use, it also improved overall indoor air quality and should reduce required maintenance of filters at the air intakes. |
| 设计创新: |
|
| 相关评论: |
|
|
|
